In 1981 Gardner was the recipient of a MacArthur Prize Fellowship. In March 2022, MIT Press published Wendy Fischman and Howard Gardner’s book The Real World of College: What Higher Education Is and What It Can Be. Information about the study, including several dozen blogs, is available on Gardner's website. In the last decade with Wendy Fischman and several other colleagues, Gardner has been co-directing a major study of higher education in the United States.
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With colleagues Lynn Barendsen, Courtney Bither, Shelby Clark, Wendy Fischman, Carrie James, Kirsten McHugh, and Danny Mucinskas, Gardner has developed curricular toolkits on these topics for use in educational and professional circles. The goal of his research is to determine what it means to achieve work that is at once excellent, engaging, and carried out in an ethical way. Good Project founders: William Damon, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, and Gardnerįor over two decades, in collaboration with William Damon, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, and several other colleagues, Gardner has been directing research at The Good Project on the nature of good work, good play, and good collaboration. Project Zero's mission is to understand and enhance learning, thinking, and creativity in the arts, as well as humanistic and scientific disciplines at the individual and institutional levels. Howard Gardner and David Perkins were founding Research Assistants and later Co-Directed Project Zero from 1972-2000. In 1967, Professor Nelson Goodman started an educational program called Project Zero at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, which began with a focus in arts education and now spans throughout a wide variety of educational arenas. Other prominent psychologists whose contributions variously developed or expanded the field of study include Charles Spearman, Louis Thurstone, Edward Thorndike, and Robert Sternberg. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences can be seen as both a departure from and a continuation of the 20th century's work on the subject of human intelligence. Gardner has responded that his theory is based entirely on empirical evidence as opposed to experimental evidence, as he does not believe experimental evidence in itself can yield a theoretical synthesis. Perhaps the strongest and most enduring critique of his theory of multiple intelligences centers on its lack of empirical evidence, much of which points to a single construct of intelligence called "g". Gardner's definition of intelligence has been met with some criticism in education circles as well as in the field of psychology. Many teachers, school administrators, and special educators have been inspired by Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences as it has allowed for the idea that there is more than one way to define a person's intellect. Gardner and colleagues have also considered two additional intelligences, existential and pedagogical. Since 1999, Gardner has identified eight intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily/kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. The theory is a critique of the standard intelligence theory, which emphasizes the correlation among abilities, as well as traditional measures like IQ tests that typically only account for linguistic, logical, and spatial abilities.
Theory and criticism Īccording to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, humans have several different ways of processing information, and these ways are relatively independent of one another. Since then, Gardner has published books on a number of topics including Changing Minds: The Art and Science of Changing Our Own and Other People's Minds, Five Minds for the Future, Truth, Beauty and Goodness Reframed, and The App Generation (written with Katie Davis).
Many universities in both the United States and abroad have since developed similar programs. This program was thought to be the first of its kind around the world. In 2000, Gardner, Kurt Fischer, and their colleagues at the Harvard Graduate School of Education established the master's degree program in Mind, Brain and Education. Since 1995, much of the focus of his work has been on The GoodWork Project, now part of a larger initiative known as The Good Project that encourages excellence, ethics, and engagement in work, digital life, and beyond. In 1986, Gardner became a professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. įor his postdoctoral fellowship, Gardner worked alongside Norman Geschwind at Boston Veterans Administration Hospital and continued his work there for another 20 years. After spending one year at the London School of Economics, he went on to obtain his PhD in developmental psychology at Harvard while working with psychologists Roger Brown and Jerome Bruner, and philosopher Nelson Goodman. Gardner graduated from Harvard College in 1965 with an BA in social relations, and studied under the renowned Erik Erikson.
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